56 at

800 K was obtained for the type-VIII Sr(8)Al(6.3)Ga(10.3)Ge(29.4) sample with a carrier concentration of 3.0 x 10(20) cm(-3). This ZT value is comparable selleck screening library to that of 0.62 at 800 K for the type-I Sr(8)Ga(16.5)Ge(29.5) clathrate. The type-VIII clathrate had a smaller effective mass, a higher mobility, and a higher lattice thermal conductivity than those of the type-I clathrate. The difference in transport properties between the type-I and type-VIII clathrates is also discussed. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI:10.1063/1.3100205]“
“Inflammatory airway disease (IAD) is common in racehorses, and is a cause of wastage in the industry. IAD has been diagnosed by measurement of percent neutrophils (N%) in tracheal aspirates (TA). The aim of this study was to investigate whether spirometric indices of pulmonary function were correlated with N% in TAs. Limits to breathing were measured by analyses of relationships between relative times and relative respiratory gas flows during inspiration and expiration in individual breaths recorded after exercise. Horses with higher N% HCS assay had significantly lower

relative gas flows at the same relative times during inspiration and expiration, suggesting a limit to breathing. These findings confirm a physiological basis for the measurement of N% in TA after exercise for diagnosis of IAD. Spirometric pulmonary function testing using analyses of individual breaths after exercise has application for assessment of pulmonary function and poor exercise performance. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“In their seminal 1935 paper on magnetics, Landau and Lifshitz (LL) proposed a form for magnetization damping. In 1955 Gilbert proposed another form, buy Staurosporine introducing a dimensionless parameter alpha.

We derive LL damping using the theory of irreversible thermodynamics, summarize an unbiased Langevin theory of fluctuations that yields LL damping, and argue that inhomogeneous broadening might explain the nonresonance data that led Gilbert to formulate his theory. LL versus Gilbert damping takes on special relevance in the context of bulk spin transfer torque and bulk spin pumping, where the form of damping affects the values of the “”adiabatic”" and “”nonadiabatic”" terms. We argue that the adiabatic and nonadiabatic terms are dissipative and reactive, respectively. (c) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3077204]“
“A horse’s hydration status is critical to its health. The accurate and quantitative determination of it has been problematic because of size, length and density of hair, and uneven topography. The objective of this study was to validate a bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) method for objectively quantifying hydration status. Monofrequency BIA values and simple biometric measurements were used to construct predictive equations for total body water, plasma, extracellular, and intra-cellular fluid volumes.