The biological control of plant diseases using beneficial rhizobacteria is an environmentally friendly method that exhibits good potential for use in ecologically friendly programs of disease management. Members of the genus Bacillus are known to suppress various plant diseases, such as anthracnose in red peppers [3], mangos and wax apples [4], as well as root rot in ginseng caused by Fusarium cf. incarnatum and Cylindrocarpon destructans Adriamycin datasheet [5] and [6]. Furthermore, Bacillus subtilis has been reported to be relatively benign to humans and several B. subtilis strains are listed by the Organic Materials Review Institute [7]. Several active compounds with potentially inhibitory effects on pathogen

growth have been identified in B. subtilis and many

of these compounds have shown antibiotic activity against anthracnose in mangos and wax apples [4]. Although the use of B. subtilis as a biological control agent for anthracnose in ginseng plants has been proposed, the effects of this species or other members of the genus Bacillus have not been evaluated for their activity against C. panacicola. In this study, we evaluated the antifungal activity of buy Z-VAD-FMK B. subtilis HK-CSM-1 against C. panacicola. We also verified whether its antagonism towards the growth of C. panacicola could be used as a criterion in the protection of ginseng plants from anthracnose disease. B. subtilis HK-CSM-1 was initially isolated from soils in ginseng fields [8] and stored in order to survey its potential as a biological control EGFR antibody agent for ginseng anthracnose. Mycelial growth inhibition activity was performed by the dual-culture method. Paper discs (0.5 cm diameter) were dipped into a suspension of B. subtilis HK-CSM-1 (1 × 107 cfu/mL) and placed on the edge of potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates. Inoculum discs (0.5 cm diameter) of C. panacicola were placed on the opposite edges of the plates, which were

then incubated at 25°C for 10 d. C. panacicola was isolated from infected ginseng leaf tissues and identified based on its morphological and cultural characteristics. The pathogenicity of the fungus was confirmed by its successful reinfection of ginseng seedlings. For inoculum preparation, the pathogen was cultured on PDA plates at 25°C for 10 d, mechanically blended, and then filtered through gauze, yielding a suspension of 107 spores/mL. Ten ginseng seeds were sown per container, which was filled with soil (parent material, weathered granite). After the seedling leaves fully unfurled, a conidial suspension was sprayed on the seedlings. To induce anthracnose, the seedlings were grown in a growth chamber at 25°C for the first 7 d, after which they were grown at 22°C for a further 7 d. The incidence of disease was recorded. Four different treatments were assayed, namely: a bacterial suspension of B.