Cells were harvested by centrifugation

(5,000 × g, 10 min), washed twice with 0.1 M PBS (pH 7.2) and adjusted to 108 CFU ml-1 using McFarland standard. Bacterial cells were heated at 80°C for 20 min in a water bath and were subsequently used for immunization of mice and screening of hybridoma cells for MAbs production using ELISA. Several Cronobacter strains IWR-1 clinical trial used in the study were isolated from Jordan (Table 1). These isolates were identified and characterized by several traditional and molecular methods [19]. The 16S rRNA sequences of the isolates were deposited in the GenBank (MD, USA) (Table 1), while the isolates were deposited in the Egyptian Microbial Culture Collection (Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt). Table 1 Cronobacter and Non-Cronobacter strains used in this study. Isolate # Isolate

identity Source Isolate ID GenBank ID based on 16S rRNA sequence – C. muytjensii – ATCC 51329 – C4 C. selleck kinase inhibitor sakazakii Clinical –   C6 C. sakazakii Clinical CDC 407-77 – C13 C. sakazakii Clinical ATTC 29004 – Jor* 44 C. sakazakii Food EMCC 1904 FJ906902 Jor* 93 C. sakazakii Food EMCC1905 FJ906906 Jor* 112 C. muytjensii Food EMCC1906 FJ906909 Jor* 146A C. sakazakii Food EMCC1907 FJ906897 Jor* 146B C. sakazakii Food EMCC1908 FJ906910 Jor* 149 C. muytjensii Food EMCC1909 FJ906912 Jor* 160A C. sakazakii selleck products Environment EMCC1910 FJ906914 Jor* 170 C. turicensis Food EMCC1912 FJ906916 None -Cronobacter         – C. freundii – ATCC 43864 – - E. coli – ATCC 35218 – - L. ivanovii – ATCC 19119 – - P aeruginosa – ATCC 27833 – - S. enterica Choleraesuis – CIP 104220 – - S. sonnei – ATCC 9290 – Jor*: Strains were isolated from food and environmental samples collected in Jordan and were deposited in the Egyptian Microbial Culture Collection (EMCC; Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt) and their 16S rRNA sequences were deposited in the GenBank. C: clinical samples isolated from patients obtained

from CDC (Atlanta, GA, USA) and were a gift from Dr. Ben Davies Tall from U.S. FDA. All the other isolates were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) except for Salmonella which obtained from the Collection of Institute Pasteur (CIP) and S. sonnei which was a local strain Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Resveratrol extraction and antigen preparation LPS was prepared following the method described by Jaradat and Zawistowski [23], with minor modifications. Briefly, C. muytjensii ATCC 51329 cells were harvested from an overnight culture by centrifugation (5,000 × g, 10 min) and resuspended in 50 ml of 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0. The cells were sonicated 5 times for 45 s intervals at 300 Watts (Branson Sonifier). The sonicated suspension was incubated with pancreatic RNase and DNase (0.1 μg ml-1) in 20 mM MgCl2 at 37°C for 10 min, followed by 10 min at 60°C and then mixed with an equal volume of preheated 90% phenol.