Such interdependencies in fisheries management have been previously documented [4], although, it is usually focused on the downfalls and not the advantages this might represent in a social system. The Asturian gooseneck barnacle co-management case reveals that windows of opportunity can be created when the actors involved feel invested in the new management scheme and both parties work towards a common goal, in this case making P. pollicipes a marketable and sustainable Z-VAD-FMK purchase resource. Three main advantages of co-management documented

in the literature and present in the gooseneck barnacle case study could be of relevance for European Union policies. First, the building of social capital and empowerment of fishers, which incentivizes the preservation

of stocks and promotes collaboration among stakeholders [40]. Second, co-management has enabled the incorporation HTS assay of both scientific and fishers׳ knowledge, making management guidelines more robust [8] and [44]. Finally, decentralized management with a focus on adaptive capacity has allowed to confront ongoing challenges posed by these complex social-ecological systems [7]. If co-management is to become a gateway to sustainable fisheries in Europe, there is an urgent need to create learning platforms where government, local stakeholders and researchers can co-construct knowledge and innovate upon the opportunities of engaging in multi-scale collaborative

natural resource Thymidylate synthase management. We would like to thank the staff at the Área de Ecología del Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas ((Universidad de Oviedo, spain), Centro de Experimentación Pesquera (CEP) in the Dirección General de Pesca Marítima del Principado de Asturias and the Asturian cofradías for the information provided and their continuous support. Particularly, Jorge Sostres, Fernando Jiménez, María del Pino Fernández and Salvador Marqués. This work was financed by the Spanish Government through the project DOSMARES (CTM2010-21810-C03-02, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain). AR is supported by an FPU fellowship (Ref. AP2010-5376, Ministerio de Educación de España, Grant no. AP2010-5376). SG thanks the Iniciativa Científica Milenio P10-033F and Conicyt FB 0002. This is a contribution of the Asturias Marine Observatory. “
“The authors wish to say “The captions for Figs. 1 and 2 are reversed”. “
“The economic and social importance of healthy, functioning marine ecosystems are well understood [1], yet the world’s oceans have suffered many decades of excessive fishing pressure that has eroded the natural capital base on which an increasing demand for seafood is dependent [2], [3] and [4]. While positive fisheries management changes are occurring in some large marine ecosystems (e.g., Gulf of Alaska, New Zealand Shelf), these are the exception rather than the rule.