Scoriels and colleagues conducted a single-dose crossover RCT in 40 patients with first episode psychosis [Scoriels et al. 2011].

The Selleck PD173074 modafinil dose in this study was 200 mg. Recognition of faces expressing sadness and sadness misattribution in the context of disgust recognition improved significantly in the modafinil condition. Diagnoses of the participants were not uniform: 28 patients were diagnosed with schizophrenia, 2 with schizoaffective disorder, 2 with depressive psychosis and 6 with bipolar disorder. The modafinil addition studies with a study duration of 4 weeks or more were not able to reproduce these significant results, with the exception of the prospective cohort study of Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical Rosenthal and Bryant [Rosenthal and Bryant, 2004]. They assessed working memory, attention and sequencing ability in 10 patients with schizophrenia. Modafinil improved cognitive function with a significant mean improvement of 1.1 Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical on the raw score and 1.3 on the scaled score of the WAIS-III LNS after 4 weeks on modafinil add-on treatment. Sevy and colleagues could not demonstrate positive effects of modafinil addition on cognitive functioning in their RCT conducted in 24 patients [Sevy et al. 2005]. Their cognitive test battery assessed sustained attention

and vigilance, attention and concentration, Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical spatial working memory, nonverbal working memory, executive functioning and immediate and delayed recall. In the RCT by Pierre and colleagues Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical in 20 patients, no significant differences in neurocognitive test scores were found [Pierre et al. 2007]. In this study visual attention and task switching, verbal memory and sustained attention and vigilance were measured. Freudenreich and coworkers Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical conducted a RCT in 37 patients [Freudenreich et al. 2009]. Premorbid intelligence, sustained attention and vigilance, working memory, secondary verbal memory, visual memory, executive function, problem solving, set shifting, semantic fluency and psychomotor speed were assessed. They found no influence

of modafinil on any of these cognitive domains. The two armodafinil addition Histone demethylase studies of Kane and colleagues and Bobo and coworkers with a duration of treatment of respectively 4 and 6 weeks, did not show significant improvement in cognitive functioning in antipsychotic-treated schizophrenia patients [Kane et al. 2010; Bobo et al. 2011]. Kane’s group used the measurement and treatment research to improve cognition in schizophrenia consensus cognitive battery (MATRICS). Bobo’s group also used a broad cognitive testing battery. In conclusion, four animal model studies of cognitive deficits showed significant improvements with modafinil [Dawson et al. 2010; Goetghebeur and Dias, 2009; Pedersen et al. 2009; Redrobe et al. 2010].