— All statistical analyses in this study were performed using SAS version 9.1 (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC, USA) and fully described in Part I. The relationship between childhood abuse and neglect and migraine characteristics was examined using logistic regression analysis. Models were adjusted for age, gender, race, education, household income, smoking status, caffeine use, substance abuse, obesity, and current depression and anxiety. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to measure the strength of the relationships, and the significance of the ORs was examined using Wald’s χ2 test statistic. A total of 1348 patients who received a diagnosis

of migraine completed the surveys. The ICHD-2 diagnosis and some characteristics PD 332991 of the study population are presented in Table 1. Additional characteristics are found in Table 1 of Part I. Diagnosis of migraine with aura was recorded in 40% of the participants, the rest having no aura. Majority of the participants were women (88%) and the average

age of the Compound Library participants in this study was 41 years. Thirty-four percent of all participants reported chronic migraine (frequency ≥15 days/month) and 26% reported a transformation from episodic to chronic. The majority of the study population had very severe headache-related disability based on the HIT-6 scores and at least 1 migraine-associated allodynic symptom. Prevalence of current depression was 28% (based on PHQ-9 score) and anxiety was 56% (based on BAI score). Childhood maltreatment, either abuse or neglect, was reported by 58% of the study population (n = 781). Based on this cutoff score, physical abuse was reported by 21%, sexual abuse by 25%, emotional abuse by 38%, physical neglect by 22%, and emotional neglect by 38% of the study population. Table 2 shows the differences in the headache characteristics between migraineurs with and without a history of a particular category of childhood abuse or neglect. The proportion of respondents with migraine with aura in each maltreatment group ranged

from 39% to 44% and was not significantly different among the groups. Migraineurs reporting emotional abuse were significantly younger at onset of headaches. Frequency of chronic migraine was higher in those reporting physical and emotional abuse, and physical and this website emotional neglect. Frequency of transformed migraine (episodic to chronic) was also higher in migraineurs with physical and emotional abuse, and emotional neglect. Of all the childhood trauma categories, only the migraineurs reporting emotional abuse had higher frequency of daily continuous headaches, severe headache-related disability, and symptoms of migraine-associated allodynia than the non-abused cohort. Forty-two percent (n = 567) of the study population did not report any type of childhood abuse or neglect. Table 3 presents the results from logistic regression analyses comparing this group with those reporting the different categories of childhood trauma.