Non-treated control cells also get TEM assay in the same way. After in vivo exposure

to SPEF, one mouse from each experimental group and control group were fed for 3 days before received same anesthesia and tumor tissue sampling. Tissue blocks (1-cm3) were then processed for HE staining and routine pathologic observation by light microscopy. The rest of tumor tissue blocks (1-mm3) were subjected to the identical procedures for TEM analysis. Other 6-mice in each group were continuously fed for above-mentioned tumor volume CP673451 in vivo inhibition analysis. Statistical Analysis Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS for windows 11.0. Data were presented as mean ± S.D, and were subjected to analysis using one-way ANOVA, followed by multiple comparisons among test groups or by Dunnett’s test for comparisons between test and control groups. Captisol solubility dmso Results During the whole experiment, SPEF exposure was well tolerated in all mice. No obvious abnormality in behavior or gross anatomy was observed and no animal death occurred in any groups due to anesthetics or SPEF exposure. In Vitro Cytotoxicity of SPEF MTT assay showed

that cytotoxicity depended on pulse frequencies and electric field Nepicastat mouse intensity (Figure 2). From the curve, at a given frequency, cytotoxicity of SPEF increased in parallel with electric field intensity. At a given intensity, SPEF with frequency at 1 Hz showed the strongest cytotoxicity among four groups; increased frequency led to decreased cytotoxicity, presented as the curve of cytotoxicity shifted to the right. We could find that higher repetition frequencies seem to require intensive electric field intensity to obtain the maximum cytotoxicity. SPEF with a given frequency and intensity can achieve similar cytotoxicity until reached a plateau of maximum cytotoxicity (approx. 100%). Typically, when frequency reached to 5 kHz, SPEF with intensive energy could also achieve similar cytotoxicity in comparison to low frequency SPEF with weak intensity. Figure 2 The cytotoxicity of SPEF with different frequencies and electric field intensity on SKOV3. Each point on the figure represents the mean value of three

independent experiments. For each line, SPEF with Dimethyl sulfoxide a given frequency and appropriate electric field intensity can achieve similar cytotoxicity until reach a plateau of maximum cytotoxicity (approx. 100%). In Vivo Antitumor Efficiency of SPEF Tumor volume and growth curve at different observation time were recorded and compared among test and control groups (Figure 3). Each point on the figure represented the mean value of six mice. At he time of the 26th day, tumor volume of test groups and volume inhibition rate were 557.5 ± 59 mm3 and 26.2% (corresponding to SPEF with frequency of 1 Hz), 581.2 ± 67 mm3 and 23% (60 Hz), 534.5 ± 48 mm3 and 29.2% (1 kHz), 513.9 ± 42 mm3 and 31.9% (5 kHz), while tumor volume in control group was 701.3 ± 74.2 mm3.