The primary outcome was early infant mortality (deaths until 90 days post partum). Secondary outcomes were neonatal mortality, fetal loss (abortions and stillbirths), and low birthweight. Analysis was by intention to treat. The study is TGF-beta/Smad inhibitor registered as an International

Standard Randomised Controlled Trial, number ISRCTN34151616.

Findings Infants of women consuming MMN supplements had an 18% reduction in early infant mortality compared with those of women given IFA (35 . 5 deaths per 1000 livebirths vs 43 per 1000; relative risk [RR] 0 . 82, 95% CI 0. 70-0.95, p=0 . 010). Infants whose mothers were undernourished (mid upper arm circumference <23 . 5 cm) or anaemic (haemoglobin <110 g/L) at enrolment had a reduction in early infant mortality of 25% (RR 0 . 75, 0.62-0.90, p=0. 0021) and 38% (RR 0 . 62, 0 . 49-0.78, p<0 . 0001), respectively. Combined fetal loss and neonatal deaths were reduced by 11% (RR 0 . 89, 0 . 81-1. 00, p=0 . 045),

with significant effects in undernourished (RR 0 . 85, 0.73-0.98, p=0 . 022) or anaemic (RR 0 . 71, 0.58-0.87, p=0 . 0010) women. A cohort of 11101 infants weighed within 1 h of birth showed a 14% (RR 0 . 86, 0.73-1 .01, p=0.060) decreased risk of low birthweight for those in the MMN group, with a 33% (RR 0 . 67, 0 . 51-0 . 89, p=0. 0062) decrease for infants of women anaemic at enrolment.

Interpretation Maternal MMN supplementation, as compared with IFA, can reduce early infant mortality, especially in undernourished and anaemic women. Maternal MMN supplementation might therefore be an important

part of overall strengthening of prenatal-care programmes.”
“Introduction Copanlisib supplier not The aim of this study was to determine the performance of axial and coronal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detecting the narrowing of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) space at the high convexity and high midline areas, which is speculated to be one of the clinical characteristics of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH).

Methods We retrospectively examined axial and coronal T1-weighted images of 14 iNPH patients and 12 age-atched controls. The narrowness of the CSF space at the high convexity/midline was blindly evaluated by five raters using a continuous confidence rating scale for receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.

Results Axial and coronal imaging accurately determined the presence of the narrow cisterns/sulci at the high convexity/midline and was capable of predicting probable/definite iNPH with a high degree of accuracy. there were also no significant differences in the detection of this finding between the axial and coronal images.

Conclusion Both axial and coronal T1-weighted MRI can detect the narrow CSF space at the high convexity/midline accurately and may therefore facilitate clinicians in choosing a management strategy for iNPH patients.”
“Background Evidence suggests that inflammatory mediators contribute to development and progression of chronic heart failure.