01 for all). Analysis of treatment-related costs yielded an average reduction of $1219.33/patient, off-setting 49.7% of the total estimated cost for 6 months of treatment with onabotulinumtoxinA. Although we are unable to distinguish onabotulinumtoxinA’s treatment effect from other potential

confounding variables, our analysis showed that severely afflicted, treatment-refractory patients with chronic migraine experienced a significant cost-offset through reduced migraine-related emergency department visits, urgent care visits, and hospitalizations in the 6 months following treatment initiation of onabotulinumtoxinA. Future analyses will assess the longer-term effect of onabotulinumtoxinA treatment and the potential contribution of regression to the mean. “
“There have been associations demonstrated between migraine and find more ischemic stroke and heart disease. Additionally, headache patients have increased cardiovascular risk factors. This article reviews available data supporting these concerns and answers the following questions: 1)  Does the association between migraine and cardiovascular disease warrant cardiovascular screening tests this website in migraine sufferers? “
“To assess

and compare the prevalence of migraine in patients with restless legs syndrome (RLS) and matched controls. Recent studies have suggested an association between migraine and RLS. Our work is the first case–control study on this subject performed in an RLS population. A case–control study was conducted in 47 RLS patients (27 women and 20 men aged between 18 and 65 years) and 47 age- and sex-matched controls. Validated questionnaires were used to investigate the presence of migraine, anxiety, and depression (Zung Self-Rating Anxiety and Depression scales), sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), and RLS severity (International RLS scale). ioxilan RLS patients had higher lifetime prevalence of migraine

than non-RLS controls (53.2% vs 25.5%, P = .005; matched-OR 1.3 [P = .019]; adjusted odds ratio (OR) 3.8 [P = .03]). No significant associations were found between RLS and active migraine with aura or inactive migraine (no episodes in the previous year). However, active migraine without aura was significantly more prevalent in patients with RLS than in controls (40.4% vs 12.8%, P = .001; matched OR 1.5 [P = .001]; adjusted OR 2.7 [P = .04]). Within the RLS group, patients with migraine had poorer sleep quality than those without migraine (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index >5:100 vs 80.9%, P = .038) but did not differ in terms of RLS severity, anxiety and depression, use of dopaminergic agonists, and body mass index. There appears to be a relationship between RLS and migraine, in particular for active migraine without aura. “
“(Headache 2010;50:1597-1611) Medication-overuse headache (MOH) can be viewed as an interaction between the worsening of the primary headache course and individual predispositions for dependence.