05). There were also group X time effects for strength of the squat, bench press, and deadlift, which decreased during weeks 1 and 2 (ranging from -5.6 to -7.1% across strength measures) in the placebo group, but not the HMB group (p<0.05). A group x time effect was found for Wingate peak power, which relative to baseline values (991.0 ± 60.1 watts) was lower at weeks 1 (924.6 ± 58.3 watts) and 2 (946.6 ± 59.1 Avapritinib cost watts) in the placebo group but not the HMB group. Finally there were group X time effects for cortisol, which relative to baseline (19.3 ± 1.4 ug/dl) increased in both weeks 1 (22.1 ± 1.4 ug/dl) and 2 (23.7 ± 1.0 ug/dl) in the placebo group, but

not the HMB group (p<0.05). Conclusions These results suggest HMB-FA given over a 2-week high volume, low recovery training cycle prevents overreaching, as well as the characteristic rise in serum stress hormones and serum indices of muscle damage."
“Background Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) has been reported to provide anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in both

animal and man. Strenuous resistance exercise has the potential to induce both inflammation and oxidative stress. Using a pilot (proof of concept) study design, we determined the influence of MSM on markers of exercise recovery and performance in healthy men. Methods Eight, moderately exercise-trained men (27.1±6.9 yrs) were randomly assigned to ingest MSM (OptiMSM™) selleck inhibitor at either 1.5 grams per day or 3.0 grams per day for 30 days (28 days before and 2 days following exercise). Before and after the 28 day intervention period, subjects

performed 18 sets of knee extension exercise in an attempt to induce muscle damage (and to be used partly as a measure of exercise performance). Sets 1-15 were performed at a predetermined weight for 10 repetitions each, while sets 16-18 were performed to muscular failure. Muscle soreness (using a 5-point Likert scale), fatigue (using the fatigue-inertia subset of the Profile of Mood States), blood antioxidant Bcl-w status (glutathione and Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity [TEAC]), and blood homocysteine were measured before and after exercise, pre and post intervention. Exercise performance (total work performed during sets 16-18 of knee extension testing) was also measured pre and post intervention. Results Muscle soreness increased following exercise and a trend was noted for a CHIR98014 reduction in muscle soreness with 3.0 grams versus 1.5 grams of MSM (p=0.080), with a 1.0 point difference between dosages. Fatigue was slightly reduced with MSM (p=0.073 with 3.0 grams; p=0.087 for both dosages combined). TEAC increased significantly following exercise with 3.0 grams of MSM (p=0.035), while homocysteine decreased following exercise for both dosages combined (p=0.007). No significant effects were noted for glutathione or total work performed during knee extension testing (p>0.05). Conclusion MSM, especially when provided at 3.