86%) compared to Group A (high expression in 50%) (χ2 = 4.35;P = 0.037). This finding suggests that the mammary glands of young mice expressed higher levels of decorin than those of spontaneous cancer-bearing mice. In Group C, tumor cells exhibited no decorin immunoreactivity, and decorin was only expressed by some

mesenchymal cells, with the strongest staining observed in the ECM at the border of the tumor (Fig 1D). Figure 1 Expression of decorin in mammary glands and spontaneous breast cancer tissues from TA2 mice. 1A, 1B, Decorin-positive structures were located around the terminal duct and gland alveolus in five-month-old TA2 Selleck PF 2341066 mice and was mainly expressed by mesenchymal cells (IHC, 200×). 1C, Decorin-positive structures were located around the terminal duct and gland alveolus from tumor-bearing TA2 mice (IHC, 200×). The mammary glands of young mice expressed higher levels of decorin than those of spontaneous cancer-bearing mice. Dabrafenib cost 1D, Decorin-positive structures were present in the ECM of tumor tissues (IHC, 200×). Real-time PCR was performed to evaluate the expression level of decorin mRNA in mammary gland tissues and tumor tissue samples. Normal mammary glands (Group A) expressed the highest level of decorin mRNA among the three groups, and tumor tissues (Group C) expressed the lowest level (Table 2). Table 2 Expression levels of decorin,

EGFR, cyclin D1 and PCNA mRNA in mammary glands and spontaneous breast cancer tissues of TA2 mice Group Decorin EGFR Cyclin D1 PCNA Group A 0.95 ± 0.25 0.02 ± 0.01 why 0.04 ± 0.01 0.14 ± 0.10 Group B 0.27 ± 0.20* 0.05 ± 0.02* 0.13 ± 0.08* 0.38 ± 0.24*

Group C 0.13 ± 0.10# 0.03 ± 0.01# 0.42 ± 0.22# 0.17 ± 0.10# *: compared with Group A, P < 0.05; #: compared with Group B, P < 0.05 Group A: normal mammary glands from five-month-old TA2 mice; Group B: normal mammary glands from spontaneous breast cancer-bearing TA2 mice; Group C: spontaneous breast cancer tissue from TA2 mice. Expression of EGFR in normal mammary glands and spontaneous breast cancer tissues EGFR was expressed by terminal duct epithelial cells, gland alveolus cells and tumor cells, as well as some mesenchymal cells. In Group A, EGFR was mainly expressed by epithelial cells and localized to the cytoplasm (Fig 2A). In spontaneous breast cancer-bearing mice, stronger EGFR staining was observed in mammary gland samples when compared to tumor samples, and nuclear translocation was observed in both tissue types (Fig 2B, C, D). EGFR-expressing samples and EGFR nuclear translocation were also more often observed in Group B than in Group A (respectively: χ2 = 7.56, P < 0.01; χ2 = 20.49, P < 0.01). High levels of EGFR staining were more often observed in Group B than in Group C (χ2 = 4.14; P < 0.05, Table 3); this pattern was supported by real-time PCR data.