Although coronary MR angiography is noninvasive and without radiation ABT-263 mw exposure, acquisition of high-quality coronary images is operator dependent and is generally more difficult than computed tomographic angiography. This article explains how to optimize acquisition of coronary MR angiography for reliable assessment of coronary artery disease. Brandon M. Smith, Jimmy C. Lu, Adam L. Dorfman, Maryam Ghadimi Mahani, and Prachi P. Agarwal Vascular rings and pulmonary artery slings are rare congenital anomalies that often present with symptoms of tracheal and esophageal compression. These can involve the

aortic arch branches and pulmonary arteries, respectively. This review illustrates the current role of MR imaging, highlights its advantages, and provides insight into the diagnosis of these anomalies by describing the embryology and characteristic imaging features of these lesions. Index 137 “
“Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2013, 17:893–901 This review comes from a themed issue on Synthetic biology Edited by Adam P Arkin and Martin Fussenegger For a complete overview see the Issue and the Editorial Available online 20th November 2013 1367-5931/$ – see front matter, © 2013 selleck products The Author. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.09.012

A foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little minds Aspects that differentiate synthetic biology from other fields of molecular biotechnology are the ambition to formalize and scale the complexity of design of new function in biology, and for such designs to reliably and predictably operate as specified. The application areas preexist the field: biosynthesis of valuable chemicals for materials and medicine; production of plants for food, energy and ecological control; engineering of genetic, viral and cellular approaches for health maintenance and improvement; microbial Liothyronine Sodium communities for soil and water improvement; and many others. The areas in which design of predictable and reliable complex biological function is likely to be most important involve engineering biology for applications in the

less controlled conditions that obtain beyond the bioreactor such as viral and cellular therapies for medicine or microbial and plant applications for agriculture. Yet these are the applications most in need of synthetic biology, at least according to a recent report of the World Economic Forum put forward an analysis of global risks [1 and 2]. These applications involve engineered organisms that exist in intimate contact with humans, animals and the rest of the environment. As such, issues of reliability and trust become paramount in addition to the effect of the technology. Reliability and predictability are central not only to trust between technologists and society wherein risk needs a rational actuarial basis but also among the technologists themselves.