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“The consumption of wine and spirits, traditionally aged in oak barrels, exposes humans to roburin ingestion. These molecules belong to a class of ellagitannins Selleck FDA approved Drug Library (ETs), and their only known source is oak wood. Very little is currently known about roburin bioavailability and biological activity. We reported for the first time human absorption of roburins from a French oak wood (Quercus robur)

water extract (Robuvit) by measuring the increase of total phenols (from 0.63 +/- 0.06 to 1.26 +/- 0.18 mu g GAB equiv/mL plasma) and the appearance of roburin metabolites (three different glucoronidate urolithins and ellagic acid), in plasma, after 5 days of supplementation. Robuvit supplementation induced also the increase of plasma antioxidant capacity from 1.8 +/- 0.05 to 1.9 +/- 0.01 nmol Trolox equiv/mL plasma. Moreover, utilizing a combined ex vivo cell culture approach, we assessed AZD8931 the effect of Q. robur

metabolites (present in human serum after supplementation) on gene expression modulation, utilizing an Affymetrix array matrix, in endothelial, neuronal, and keratinocyte cell lines. The functional analysis reveals that Robuvit metabolites affect ribosome, cell cycle, and spliceosome pathways”
“Purpose: To developing a simple, rapid and reliable analytical method for loratadine based on charge transfer complexation with chloranilic acid.\n\nMethods: The complex between loratadine and MK-0518 the complexing agent,

chloranilic acid, was formed by mixing appropriate volumes of their solutions in non-aqueous media. Some features of the formed complex, such as molar ratio of the reaction and effect of time, were determined spectrophotometrically. Thermodynamic parameters were determined as well, the method was utilized in the assay of the drug in both bulk and tablet dosage forms.\n\nResults: The complex showed a wavelength of maximum absorption (lambda(max)) at 527 nm (lambda(max) of loratadine alone was 440 nm). Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range of 3.2 – 28.8 mg% (r(2) = 0.9997). The stoichiometry of the complex was 2:1 (loratadine: chloranilic acid) and the complex was stable for over 60 min. Thermodynamic results show that as temperature changed from 30 to 70 degrees C, enthalpy change (Delta H) was steady at -0.254 kcal.mol(-1) while the free energy (Delta G) changed from -3.904 to -4.450 kcal.mol(-1). The complex appeared to be more stable at the slightly elevated temperature of 50 degrees C with a value of 757.14 mol(-1). Analysis of the drug in both bulk and dosage forms showed good accuracy and precision with recovery ranging from 99.98 +/- 1.00 to 100.94 +/- 2.39 %.\n\nConclusion: Charge transfer complexation method with chloranilic acid was successfully developed for the simple, rapid and accurate determination of loratadine.”
“Studies of ape tool use have been conducted in captivity since the early 1900s and in the wild since the 1960s.