Conclusion. Surgeons need to pay attention to the position of the aorta in placing a pedicle screw on the right at the periapical level of a left curve either in thoracic or lumbar spine.”
“Genomic studies have shown that a microRNA(miRNA) can post-transcriptionally regulate hundreds of other genes, providing challenges and opportunities AZD1208 molecular weight for therapeutic development. Profiling studies have placed several miRNAs within

transcriptional pathways linked to disease, and oligonucleotide therapeutics are being developed that modulate miRNA activity. The involvement of miRNAs in diverse genetic pathways across human tissues suggests that miRNAs will also be useful as biomarkers for disease and tissue injury.”
“Polylactide (PLA), a main representative of biodegradable and made from renewable resources polymers, is surprisingly brittle at ambient temperature. In this article it is investigated how to increase its toughness by a strategy called rubber toughening using poly(1,4-cis-isoprene), a major component of natural rubber, which is immiscible with see more PLA, could be well dispersed in PLA matrix and is biodegradable. Immiscible

blends of PLA with poly(1,4-cis-isoprene) were prepared by melt blending and their properties were studied and optimized. Incorporation of as low as 5 wt % of rubber increased the strain at break of compression molded film during uniaxial drawing, and also improved its tensile impact strength by 80%. The complex mechanism of plastic deformation in the blends leading to improvement of ductility and toughness was revealed. The rubbery particles Roscovitine in vivo initiated crazing at the early stages of deformation, as evidenced by transmission and scanning electron microscopy and also by small angle X-ray scattering. Crazing was immediately followed by cavitation inside rubber particles, which further promoted shear yielding

of PLA. The sequence of those mechanisms was proven by microscopic investigation. All three elementary mechanisms acting in the sequence indicated are responsible for surprisingly efficient toughening of PLA by a major component of natural rubber. (c) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011″
“Study Design. A retrospective case study.

Objective. To confirm the remodeling potential of the kyphotic malunited odontoid fracture in the pediatric spine.

Summary of Background Data. Nonsurgical reduction and immobilization is the gold standard for the odontoid fracture in infancy. However, the reduction occasionally results in incomplete repositioning of the odontoid process. The cervical spine is subsequently immobilized until fusion in most cases in the hope of achieving remodeling with the growth of the remaining displacement and kyphotic angulation, although there are no precise data on the acceptable limit of the deformity.

Methods.