Consistent with this suggestion, neuroimaging studies of memory for previously studied pictures have revealed reactivation during retrieval of some of the same visual processing regions that were active during encoding.100 These observations dovetail nicely with an idea initially advanced by cognitive psychologists, often referred to as the sensory reactivation hypothesis, that true memories tend to contain more sensory

and perceptual information than do false memories.62,101 Consistent with this hypothesis, behavioral studies have shown that retrieval of true memories is associated with increased access to sensory and perceptual details compared with retrieval Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical of false or imaginary memories.101-105 More recently, neuroimaging

Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical studies in which participants are scanned during retrieval of true and false memories have provided additional evidence consistent with the sensory reactivation hypothesis. For example, in several neuroimaging studies using the DRM semantic associates Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical paradigm, participants who were scanned during retrieval showed increased activity in sensory-perceptual regions during true recognition as compared with false recognition.44-46 However, whether or not such effects are observed may depend on subtle features of the experimental design. 13,47,106 In an attempt to examine sensory reactivation effects using material known to engage perceptual processing pathways, Slotnick and Schacter34 used novel visual shapes as target stimuli. All the shapes that participants studied were physically similar to prototype shapes that were not presented during encoding. Following presentation Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical of the study list, participants made old/new recognition decisions about previously studied shapes, nonstudied related shapes, and nonstudied unrelated shapes. Slotnick and Schacter34 hypothesized that true recognition of previously studied shapes, as compared with false recognition of nonstudied

related Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical shapes, would be accompanied by a sensory signature Linifanib (ABT-869) involving increased activation of visual processing regions. Consistent with this hypothesis, there was significantly greater activity during true than false recognition in regions of Talazoparib concentration primary visual cortex (eg, BA 17, 18) that are concerned with processing such features of target stimuli as orientation and color. By contrast, higher-order visual areas in occipito-temporal cortex (eg, BA 19, 37) showed comparable levels of activity during true and false recognition. Consistent with the foregoing, additional evidence supporting the sensory reactivation hypothesis has been reported in studies using fMRI to examine the widely known post-event misinformation effect.