Funding to support the research was provided by the Australian Marine Mammal Centre at the Australian Antarctic Division. Collection of biopsy samples was conducted under permits from New South Wales, Western Australia, and Tasmania. Animal ethics approval for the research was given by the Animal Experimentation Ethics Committee at the Australian National

University, Canberra. We thank David Donnelly for his invaluable voluntary assistance in the field. We also thank the Sapphire Coast Marine Discovery Centre for their logistic and institutional support in Eden. We also acknowledge the Rucaparib chemical structure contribution of Mathew Oakes and Glenn Jacobson at the Multi-Media Centre at the Australian Antarctic Division for his help in designing Figure 1. The base map for this figure was provided by David Smith at the Australian

Antarctic Data Centre which includes data from the Antarctic http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Nutlin-3.html Digital Database version 5 of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research 1993–2006. Finally we would like to acknowledge the invaluable contribution of the reviewers. All comments by the reviewers were extremely valuable and helpful. “
“We investigated the distribution and movements of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) in the North Pacific by analyzing whaling data and movement data of whales marked with Discovery marks. Prior studies suggested that there were discrete “stocks” of sperm whales, assuming that the intervals between historical areas of concentration indicated subpopulation boundaries. Our analyses clearly refute this assumption: whaling and marking data suggest no obvious divisions between separate demes or stocks within the North Pacific. Sperm whales appear to be nomadic and show widespread

movements between areas of concentration, with documented movements of over 5,000 km, time spans between marking and recovery over 20 yr, and ranges that cover many thousand km2. Males appear to range more widely than females. Sperm whales likely travel in response to geographical and temporal variations in the abundance of medium- and large-sized pelagic squids, their primary prey. Our analyses demonstrate that males and females Org 27569 concentrated seasonally in the Subtropical Frontal Zone (ca. 28ºN–34ºN) and the Subarctic Frontal Zone (ca. 40ºN–43ºN), and males also concentrated seasonally near the Aleutian Islands and along the Bering Sea shelf edge. It appears that the sperm whales targeted by the pelagic whalers range widely across this ocean basin. “
“Trends toward increased temperatures, reduced sea ice extent, and longer open water seasons have resulted in changing Arctic ecosystem dynamics. Expected changes include shifts in distribution and abundance of prey species for seabirds and marine mammals. Using stable isotope analysis, we studied spatial and interannual variation in ringed seal (Pusa hispida) feeding ecology in Hudson Bay in relation to environmental variables, between 2003 and 2010.