Of these, three were found to have associations with either AS or MSV at a p value of less than .10: age, which was associated with AS, t(197)=1.83, p=.068; selleckchem cigarettes per day, which was associated with AS, t(197)=1.81, p=.072; and marital status, which was associated with MSV, ��2(1)=3.75, p=.053. These three covariates were therefore included in all initial models of outcome variables and were retained if the p value was less than .10. Multivariate models of primary outcomes Physiological measures. The final linear regression models of the physiological outcome measures are presented in Table 1. In the model of change in heart rate, AS had a marginal effect (p=.053): Heart rate increased more among participants who viewed PSAs high in AS (all values represented as mean [SD]: low AS=0.

14 [1.16], high AS=0.46 [1.14]). In the model of the logarithm of change in skin conductance, the main effect of AS was significant (p=.021): Skin conductance increased more among participants who viewed PSAs high in argument strength (low AS=0.19 [0.32], high AS=0.31 [0.47]). In addition, there was an inverse correlation between skin conductance change and age (p=.007). In the model of the inverse of change in corrugator activity, there was a significant effect of MSV (p=.012): Activity increased more among participants viewing PSAs high in MSV (low MSV=0.03 [0.16], high MSV=0.10 [0.22]). Table 1. Final linear regression models of physiological measures Attitudes, beliefs, self-efficacy, social norms, and intentions. As shown in Table 2, the model of perceived efficacy included a significant main effect of MSV (p=.

035) and a significant interaction of MSV by sensation seeking (p=.036). Among participants low in sensation seeking, low MSV PSAs elicited higher self-efficacy ratings; among those high in sensation seeking, the reverse was true. We also found a significant main effect of MSV in the model of beliefs about negative consequences (p=.03) and an interaction that approached significance Dacomitinib (p=.063); among participants low in sensation seeking, high MSV PSAs elicited higher negative belief scores, whereas there was no effect of MSV among participants high in sensation seeking. We found no main or interacting effects of MSV or AS in the models of attitudes, beliefs about positive consequences, social norms, or intention to quit. Cigarette smoking rate was related inversely to efficacy (p=.008), and there was a positive trend of age with efficacy (p=.096). Finally, the effect of marital status was significant in the model of attitudes (p=.04) and approached significance in the model of positive beliefs (p=.064); in both instances, participants who were never married had lower scores. Table 2.