The best strategy to prevent lower GI complications has yet to be defined. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Solid-phase epitaxial
growth of manganese silicides on a Si(111)-7 x 7 surface at temperatures between room temperature and similar to 750 degrees C has been studied using scanning tunneling microscopy. The as-deposited Mn film of similar to 0.6-1 ML shows an ordered honeycomb structure with each Mn cluster Selleckchem LXH254 occupying a half of the 7 x 7 unit cell. The Mn clusters begin to react with the Si substrate to form silicides at similar to 250 degrees C. Two types of silicides, the three-dimensional (3D) and tabular islands, which correspond to Mn-rich silicides and monosilicide MnSi, respectively, coexist on the Si(111) Omipalisib surface at annealing temperatures between 250 and 500 degrees C. At 500 degrees C annealing, all 3D islands convert into tabular islands and MnSi is the only Mn silicide phase. Above 600 degrees C, the tabular islands convert into large 3D islands that are likely to be Si-rich manganese silicides. With increasing annealing temperature and time, the number density of silicide islands decreases, while the average size (area) of the remaining islands increases. The growth of large islands is a result of the dissolution of small ones, which can be understood in the context of Ostwald ripening mechanism.
(C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3270411]“
“The study was approved by the local ethics committee, and informed consent was provided by all participants prior to the examination. The aim of the study was to assess the feasibility of whole-body three- dimensional (3D) contrast material-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) angiography with
parallel imaging in the phase- and section-encoding directions (ie, integrated parallel acquisition technique [iPAT(2); Siemens, Erlangen, Germany]) for all anatomic PLX3397 clinical trial imaging stations in combination with a single injection of contrast material. Whole-body contrast-enhanced MR angiography was performed in 23 patients at 3.0 T. Images were evaluated by two independent observers for quality on a four-point scale (where a score of 1 indicated poor image quality and a score of 4, excellent image quality); signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) and contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs) were calculated for representative vessel regions in each station. Mean image quality scores were 3.13 +/- 1.15 (standard deviation) and 3.17 +/- 1.14 for observers 1 and 2, respectively (kappa = 0.81). Signal intensity measurements revealed mean SNR values between 36.2 +/- 8.0 and 56.2 +/- 17.7 and mean CNR values between 29.0 +/- 7.4 and 48.2 +/- 15.7. The data suggest that contrast-enhanced MR angiography with iPAT2 is feasible for whole-body applications and allows acquisition of 3D data sets with adequate spatial resolution within short measurement times, facilitating a single injection of contrast material.