The cDNA was designated as AhMPK6 based on its high identity with AtMPK6 of Arabidopsis. The AhMPK6 encodes a 397 amino acid polypeptide that shows high similarity with MsSIMK, NtSIPK, OsSIPK of Medicago, tobacco and rice respectively. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that AhMPK6 belongs to the A2 subgroup of MAPK family. When expressed as a translational fusion with GFP, AhMPK6 displayed predominant nuclear localization. The conditional overexpression of AhMPK6 resulted in hypersensitive response
(HR)-like cell death in tobacco, with a simultaneous upregulation of HR-marker gene transcripts and various defense response gene transcripts. The AhMPK6 induced gene expression suggests an overlapping or partially redundant function with previously reported AhMPK3. (C) 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.”
“Objective-To determine thiamine-dependent enzyme activities in various tissue samples of Pacific harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) and thiaminase click here activities
in dietary fish.
Design-Cross-sectional study.
Animals-11 Pacific harbor seals with thiamine deficiency and 5 control seals.
Procedures-Seals underwent evaluation to rule out various diseases and exposure to toxins. For seals that died, measurement of thiamine-dependent enzymes in liver and brain samples and determination of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number in liver, brain, and muscle samples were performed. Thiaminase activity in dietary fish was determined.
Results-8 SCH727965 supplier seals with thiamine deficiency died. Affected seals typically had acute neurologic signs with few nonspecific findings detected by means of clinicopathologic tests and histologic examination of tissue samples. Thiamine-dependent enzyme activities in liver samples of affected seals were significantly lower than those in control liver samples.
The primary activation ratios and latencies for enzymes indicated that brain tissue was more affected by thiamine deficiency than liver tissue. Activities of pyruvate dehydrogenase were more affected by thiamine deficiency than those of transketolase and ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. For control seals, the mtDNA copy number in muscle samples was significantly lower than that for affected seals; conversely, the copy number in control liver samples was significantly greater than that of affected seals. Thiaminase activity MK-0518 was substantially higher in smelt than it was in other types of dietary fish.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Results of analyses in this study confirmed a diagnosis of thiamine deficiency for affected seals resulting from high thiaminase activity in dietary fish, inadequate vitamin administration, and increased thiamine demand caused by pregnancy and lactation.”
“Based on accumulating evidence, simulation appears to be a basic computational mechanism in the brain that supports a broad spectrum of processes from perception to social cognition.