We observe a lower junction resistance (negative TMR) when the magnetizations (M) over right arrow (1) and (M) over right arrow (2) of the two ferromagnetic layers are aligned antiparallel to each other, suggesting negative spin polarization. Moreover, the TMR shows a precipitous but asymmetric drop with bias voltage till it reaches approximate to +/- 200 mV suggesting role of inelastic excitations in reducing the TMR. The unique feature of this study is the robust exchange bias with exchange energy J approximate
to 0.13 erg cm(-2) at the interface between anti ferromagnetic La0.45Sr0.55MnO3 [LSMO(AF)] and ferromagnetic La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 selleck (LSMO), which has been used to engineer coercivity contrast between the LSMO and cobalt films. The difference of coercivity (H-C) between LSMO and Co increases as the temperature is lowered and manifests itself as a change in switching fields of
resistance in tunnel junctions. We also show that the exchange bias shift can be engineered by different field cooling directions and by changing the relative thickness of La0.45Sr0.55MnO3 and La0.67Sr0.33MnO3. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3260247]“
“Purpose To analyze changes in life satisfaction (LS) scores over time in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) and to interpret what these changes mean.
Methods Multicenter, prospective cohort study of persons with SCI (n = 96) classified into 3 life satisfaction trajectories identified earlier. Assessment took place 6 times Gamma-secretase inhibitor from the start of active rehabilitation up to 5 years after discharge. Three LS scores were compared: (1) LS ‘now’ score, (2) ‘comparison’ score between LS ‘now’ and LS ‘before the SCI’, and (3) retrospective score of LS ‘before the SCI’.
Results Persons in the low LS trajectory showed Small molecule library increase in the LS ‘now’ score, but not in the LS ‘comparison’
score and retrospective score. Persons in the recovery trajectory showed increase in the LS ‘now’ and LS ‘comparison’ scores, but not in the retrospective score. Persons in the high LS trajectory showed increase in the ‘comparison’ LS score and decrease in the retrospective score, but no change in the LS ‘now’ score.
Conclusions Diverging patterns of change were found and that were interpreted as adaptation or scale recalibration. Recalibration could also be considered healthy rebalancing after SCI. Being able to compare different LS ratings can facilitate the interpretation of change in and stability of LS.”
“Background: Large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (BK(Ca)) of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play an important role in the regulation of vascular tone.