g., slight loss of righting reflex) while repeated cycles of 10 mg/kg beta AE treatment resulted in obvious motor and behavioral changes. Rats receiving 1 mg/kg beta AE had no brainstem lesions whereas some rats treated with 5 mg/kg beta AE and all rats treated with 10 mg/kg beta AE had brainstem lesions. Brainstem lesions were observed after as few as five cycles and were characterized by gliosis, satellitosis and progressive necrosis in motor neurons of the trapezoid, Mocetinostat vestibular,
and olivary nuclei. This study shows that repeated treatment with clinically relevant doses of beta AE causes motor deficits associated with brainstem damage in rodents and suggests that repeated treatment with beta AE in children may elicit neurological damage. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Inc.”
“Objective: This study compared graft failure leading to retransplant in infants versus older children at initial heart transplant.
Methods: Twenty-six retransplant recipients were compared by age at first transplant: infant group (<1 year) and pediatric group (>= 1 year).
Results: Early retransplant survival was 92%. Retransplant survivals at 1, 3, and 5 years were 83%, 74%, and 67%. There were 15 infant and 11 pediatric patients.
First transplant ages were 0.4 +/- 0.3 vs. 8.5 +/- 5.7 years in infant XL184 datasheet and pediatric groups, respectively (P < .01). First graft rejection episodes were more common in pediatric group (4.8 +/- 2.5 vs 3.1 +/- 2.1, P = .032), and rejection rate was higher (1.5 +/- 1.1 find more vs 0.4 +/- 0.4, P = .0024). Median first graft survival was longer in infant group (10.7 years vs 3.9 years,
P < .001). Recurrent cellular rejection was retransplant indication in 40% of infant group versus 91% of pediatric group (P <. 05). Cardiac allograft vasculopathy was more prevalent in infant group (73% vs 20% in pediatric group, P = .032).
Conclusions: Infant heart transplant recipients had longer primary graft survival, fewer cellular rejection episodes, and higher incidence of cardiac allograft vasculopathy relative to older graft recipients requiring retransplant. Advantages in adaptive immunity in infant heart recipients confer improved primary graft survival, but longer graft life in these patients is limited by cardiac allograft vasculopathy. Older recipient first graft failure was rejection related, and shorter graft life probably limited development of cardiac allograft vasculopathy. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011;141:223-30)”
“The World Health Organization currently recommends combinatorial treatment including artemisinins as first-line therapy against drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Although highly efficacious, artemisinin and its derivatives, including beta-arteether (beta AE), are associated with ototoxicity, tremors, and other autonomic and motor impairments in the clinic.