In this study we evaluate the association between visceral obesity and Fuhrman grade in patients with cT1a renal cell carcinoma.

Materials GSK461364 manufacturer and Methods: We retrospectively collected data on 186 patients with surgically treated cT1a renal cell carcinoma. Single slice computerized tomography was used to measure the area of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Visceral obesity was calculated as the proportion of visceral adipose tissue to overall adipose tissue. Other analyzed factors included clinical characteristics (age, gender, body mass index and tumor size) and anatomical features of the tumor defined by the R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score. The

association between predictors and high grade disease (Fuhrman grade III or Selleck PLX-4720 IV) were assessed using logistic regression analyses.

Results: A total of 47 (25.3%) tumors were classified as high grade. The percentage of visceral adipose tissue was higher in male participants but did not correlate with body mass index, age or tumor size. In univariate analyses the percentage of visceral adipose tissue and tumor size were significantly associated with higher Fuhrman grade. Multivariate analysis showed that the percentage of visceral adipose tissue (OR 1.06, p = 0.0018) and tumor size (OR 1.91, p = 0.047) were independent predictors

of high grade cancer. Addition of the percentage of visceral adipose tissue to a model including clinical characteristics and anatomical features of the tumor remarkably improved its discriminatory ability (p = 0.0010).

Conclusions: Increased visceral obesity was found to be strongly associated with higher Fuhrman grade in patients with cT1a renal cell carcinoma. Further studies are needed to confirm IWR-1 chemical structure these findings and discover

the underlying biological mechanism.”
“This study evaluated the hypothesis that traumatic stress can increase risk of bulimia nervosa (BN) in individuals who are genetically disposed towards lower modulation of physiological stress reactions. We explored the extent to which childhood abuse (physical or sexual), variants of a main glucocorticoid receptor (GR) polymorphism (Bcl1), or their interaction, differentiated women with and without BN. Women seeking treatment for BN (N=129) and non-eating-disordered comparison women (N=98) provided blood samples for assays of the Bcl1 polymorphism, and completed structured interviews assessing eating symptoms, psychiatric symptoms and childhood abuse. Compared to normal-eaters, bulimic women were significantly more likely to carry the low-function Bcl1 C allele (CC or CG genotypes), to report a history of childhood abuse and, more importantly, to be positive for both factors. We interpret our findings as indicating that traumatic stress, when impacting individuals disposed to lower GR modulation, can be etiological for BN. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.