The major ellipse represents Hotelling’s T2 range at 95% confidence for the entire dataset (T2dataset = 6.51), whilst minor ellipses represent Hotelling’s T2 range at 95% confidence for every single group (T2active = 2.45, T2inactive = 1.88, T2control = 1.52). The predictability of PLS-DA model was 88%, with a Fisher’s test P value of 5.3*10-8. Figure 5 TTGE band importance. Apoptosis inhibitor Hierarchical variable importance (VIP) of discriminatory TTGE bands for PC1 component (partitioning CD/non CD patients, upper panel) and PC2 component (partitioning active CD/in remission CD patients, lower
panel). * P < 0.05, Napabucasin clinical trial **P < 0.01. Statistical evaluation of TTGE bands occurrence by PLS-DA The selected TTGE bands obtained by PLS-DA analysis were statistically evaluated for their occurrence as reported in table 1. The TTGE selected MG132 bands (VIP > 1) dividing CD and controls resulted all statistically significant (P < 0.05). In the separation between active and inactive CD patients, bands resulted statistically significant were: 8, 1, 7, 21, 18 and 12. Moreover, some of selected TTGE bands run parallel with E. coli, P. distasonis and B. vulgatus gel markers used. The parallelism is reported in Tab. 2. Table 1 Statistical importance of discriminating TTGE bands
CD patients vs Controls (PC1) TTGE band § Active + Inactive (%) Control (%) VIP P value (a) 26 (E.coli) 92.1 20.0 2.023 < 0.0001 18 (P.distasonis) 86.8 20.0 1.867 < 0.0001 39 (P.distasonis) 89.5 20.0 1.847 0.0001 35 73.7 0.0 1.802 < 0.0001 1 (B.vulgatus) 89.5 20.0 1.755 0.001 13 57.9 0.0 1.580 0.000 15 63.2 0.0 1.535 0.001 29 60.5 0.0 1.516 0.001 3 52.6 0.0 1.311 0.003 6 60.5 0.0 1.194 0.010 22 52.6 10.0 1.151 0.007
16 39.5 0.0 1.024 0.018 Active CD patients vs Inactive many CD patients (PC2) TTGE band § Active (%) Inactive (%) VIP P value (b) 8 (P.distasonis) 31.6 0.0 1.691 0.009 1 (B.vulgatus) 84.2 94.7 1.687 0.026 6 47.4 73.7 1.667 0.089 7 26.3 0.0 1.522 0.015 21 21.1 0.0 1.507 0.023 26 94.7 89.5 1.498 0.474 39 89.5 89.5 1.475 1.000 13 73.7 42.1 1.316 0.054 18 94.7 78.9 1.299 0.032 35 78.9 68.4 1.271 0.255 12 36.8 10.5 1.258 0.049 15 68.4 57.9 1.079 0.386 5 36.8 15.8 1.056 0.083 29 68.4 52.6 1.054 0.237 19 47.4 63.2 1.046 0.237 9 78.9 94.7 1.031 0.255 § Bands were self numbered according to the order of appearance (top-bottom) on the TTGE gel and are listed in descending order of importance (VIP) in the PLS-DA model. Between parentheses are reported the species used in the gel marker that run parallel to specific TTGE bands. (a) Mann-Whitney U-test, α = 0.05 (b) Wilcoxon signed rank test, α = 0.05 Table 2 Clinical data of patients’ groups Celiac Disease Controls No. of cases (a) 20 10 Sex ratio (M/F) 8/12 3/7 Age at 1st biopsy(b) (years; median and ranges) 8.3 (1.2-16.1) 11.7 (7.8-20.8) Weight at birth (Kg) (mean ± SD) 3.3 ± 0.5 3.3 ± 0.