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metamaterial, and wrote the manuscript. SW carried out the simulations and prepared the figures. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript.”
“Background Recently, nanoscale particles have drawn increasing attention. For example, gold particles, as a popular nanomaterial with outstanding optoelectronic properties, have been widely used in sensor applications by the enrichment of detection range and optimization and enhancement of sensitivity [1–4]. In addition, Au particles are also attractive based on their capacity to catalyze one-dimensional (1-D) nanostructures, namely nanopillars and nanowires with lots of remarkable properties via various epitaxial growth mechanisms [5–10]. Fabrications of diverse nanowires such as GaN, ZnO, InAs, GaAs, Si, and Ge have been demonstrated using Au droplets as catalyst [11–18]. Nonetheless, given the wide range of substrates utilized, Au droplets can be successfully utilized in the fabrication of the various nanowires and many elements utilized for substrates would diffuse into gold during the fabrications of nanowires [11–18].