Cutoffs of 99% and 94% selleck compound were established for species classification for 16S and recA analyses, respectively (data not shown). We identified 23 B. mallei, 4 B. oklahomensis, 12 B. thailandensis, 5 B. thailandensis-like species,

44 B. ubonensis, and 25 unidentified Burkholderia species strains. LPS genotyping (PCR) Eleven out of 12 B. thailandensis strains had the LPS AZD2281 manufacturer genotype A. All 23 tested B. mallei strains also had the LPS genotype A. LPS genotype B was detected in 11 out of 44 strains of B. ubonensis. We note that these LPS genotype B strains were all of Australian origin. LPS genotype B2 was found in B. thailandensis strain 82172, and B. thailandensis-like species strains MSMB121, MSMB122, MSMB712, and MSMB714. This is the first reported incidence of another O-antigen in B. thailandensis while B. thailandensis-like MSMB121 was previously described as expressing this type [11]. No other species was positive for type A, B, or B2 (Table 1 and Additional file 1: Table S1). Table 1 Prevalence of four B. pseudomallei O-antigen types in near-neighbors

Species Total strains tested Known B. pseudomallei O-antigen     Type A Type B Type B2 Rough Type B. mallei 23 21 0 0 2 B. oklahomensis 4 1 0 0 0 B. thailandensis 12 11 0 1† 0 B. thailandensis-like 5 0 0 4 0 B. cepacia 2 0 0 0 0 B. multivorans 3 0 0 0 0 B. ubonensis 44 0 11 1‡ 0 B. vietnamiensis 1 0 0 0 0 Unidentified Burkholderia spp. 19 0 0 1* www.selleckchem.com/products/chir-99021-ct99021-hcl.html 0 †Strain 82172, collected from French Methane monooxygenase foal. ‡Strain MSMB108, collected from Northern Australian environment. *Strain MSMB175, a soil strain collected from Australia. This strain is currently being proposed as a new Burkholderia species. LPS phenotyping (SDS-PAGE, silver staining and immunoblotting) We identified LPS banding patterns in all tested bacterial strains by comparing them with known LPS banding patterns A, B, and B2 in reference B. pseudomallei strains (Additional file 2: Figure S1). Previously, only type A O-antigen has been described in B. thailandensis[11, 12]. Eleven out of 12 tested strains expressed a type A banding pattern consistent with the PCR results.

We note that B. thailandensis strain 82172 had the LPS genotype B2 via PCR, which was confirmed as serotype B by immunoblotting (Figure 1). B. pseudomallei strains expressing type B2 have previously been isolated only in Australia and Papua New Guinea, while this B. thailandensis strain was isolated in France [11, 18]. Additionally, type A was recently described in B. oklahomensis E0147 [11], whereas the remaining three B. oklahomensis strains isolated from Oklahoma [19] displayed an unknown non-seroreactive ladder pattern (not shown in Figure 1). Figure 1 Serotype A (a) and B (b) western blots. Lane 1 – B. pseudomallei K96243, 2 – B. thailandensis E264, 3 – B. oklahomensis E0147, 4 – B. pseudomallei 576, 5 – B.