All other participants adhered to the study protocol follow-up schedule. Postintervention liver biopsy was completed in 28 of 31 (90%) participants, 18 of 21 (86%) in the lifestyle intervention group and 10 of 10 (100%) in the control group. The reasons for the lack of follow-up biopsy were anticoagulation therapy (n = 1), technical difficulty (n = 1), and withdrawal from the study (n = 1). The mean weight change over the 48-week period was −8.7 kg (95% CI, −11.7 to −5.6) in the lifestyle intervention group as compared with −0.5 kg (95% CI, −4.8 to 3.8) in the control group (P = 0.005) (Table 2). Percent weight reduction (standard

deviation [SD]) of participants in the lifestyle group was significantly greater than that in participants in the control group at 24 weeks (8.9 [6.3]% versus 0.1 [3.7]%, P < AZD1208 price 0.001) and at 48 weeks (9.3 [7.5]% versus 0.2 [6.1]%, P = 0.003) (Fig. 2A) Eight participants (40%) in the lifestyle intervention group achieved a 10% or greater weight reduction, whereas no participant (0%) in the control group achieved this degree of weight reduction (P = 0.02). There was a nonsignificant trend for greater percent weight reduction in participants without underlying diabetes (n = 16) compared with those with diabetes (n = 14) (8.5 [9.5]% versus 3.8 [5.7]%, P = 0.12), and in participants who were not on metformin (n = 21) compared with those on

metformin (n = 9) (8.1 [8.4]% versus 2.1 [6.3]%, P = 0.07). A subgroup analysis within the lifestyle intervention group, after correction for heterogeneity of variance, found greater percent weight reduction (P = 0.01) for those without diabetes (13.6 [8.3]%) AZD1152-HQPA order versus those with diabetes (5.1 [3.1]%), and also for those not using metformin (11.4 [7.9]%) versus those using metformin (4.4 [3.1]%). There

was no significant difference in the degree of weight loss among participants who had baseline overweight (BMI, 25–29.9 kg/m2), class I (BMI 30–34.9 kg/m2), or class II obesity (BMI, 35–40 kg/m2). Participants in the lifestyle intervention group who had baseline overweight, class I and class II obesity lost 8.7 (6.3)%, 11.5 (7.1)%, and 6.9 (9.3)% of their body weight, respectively (P = 0.56). The mean waist circumference change over the 48-week period was −7.4 cm (95% CI, −10.3 to −4.6) in the lifestyle 上海皓元 intervention group as compared with +0.3 cm (95% CI, −3.2 to 3.8) in the control group (P = 0.004). The overall disease activity of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NAS [SD]) improved significantly in the lifestyle intervention group (−2.4 [1.6]) in comparison with the control group (−1.4 [2.1]) (P = 0.05) (Table 3). Steatosis score also improved to a significantly greater degree in the lifestyle group as compared with the control group (−1.1 [0.8] versus −0.3 [0.8], P = 0.02). Ballooning injury score improved in both groups, whereas fibrosis score did not change in either group.

All other participants adhered to the study protocol follow-up schedule. Postintervention liver biopsy was completed in 28 of 31 (90%) participants, 18 of 21 (86%) in the lifestyle intervention group and 10 of 10 (100%) in the control group. The reasons for the lack of follow-up biopsy were anticoagulation therapy (n = 1), technical difficulty (n = 1), and withdrawal from the study (n = 1). The mean weight change over the 48-week period was −8.7 kg (95% CI, −11.7 to −5.6) in the lifestyle intervention group as compared with −0.5 kg (95% CI, −4.8 to 3.8) in the control group (P = 0.005) (Table 2). Percent weight reduction (standard

deviation [SD]) of participants in the lifestyle group was significantly greater than that in participants in the control group at 24 weeks (8.9 [6.3]% versus 0.1 [3.7]%, P < ICG-001 concentration 0.001) and at 48 weeks (9.3 [7.5]% versus 0.2 [6.1]%, P = 0.003) (Fig. 2A) Eight participants (40%) in the lifestyle intervention group achieved a 10% or greater weight reduction, whereas no participant (0%) in the control group achieved this degree of weight reduction (P = 0.02). There was a nonsignificant trend for greater percent weight reduction in participants without underlying diabetes (n = 16) compared with those with diabetes (n = 14) (8.5 [9.5]% versus 3.8 [5.7]%, P = 0.12), and in participants who were not on metformin (n = 21) compared with those on

metformin (n = 9) (8.1 [8.4]% versus 2.1 [6.3]%, P = 0.07). A subgroup analysis within the lifestyle intervention group, after correction for heterogeneity of variance, found greater percent weight reduction (P = 0.01) for those without diabetes (13.6 [8.3]%) Dasatinib price versus those with diabetes (5.1 [3.1]%), and also for those not using metformin (11.4 [7.9]%) versus those using metformin (4.4 [3.1]%). There

was no significant difference in the degree of weight loss among participants who had baseline overweight (BMI, 25–29.9 kg/m2), class I (BMI 30–34.9 kg/m2), or class II obesity (BMI, 35–40 kg/m2). Participants in the lifestyle intervention group who had baseline overweight, class I and class II obesity lost 8.7 (6.3)%, 11.5 (7.1)%, and 6.9 (9.3)% of their body weight, respectively (P = 0.56). The mean waist circumference change over the 48-week period was −7.4 cm (95% CI, −10.3 to −4.6) in the lifestyle MCE intervention group as compared with +0.3 cm (95% CI, −3.2 to 3.8) in the control group (P = 0.004). The overall disease activity of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NAS [SD]) improved significantly in the lifestyle intervention group (−2.4 [1.6]) in comparison with the control group (−1.4 [2.1]) (P = 0.05) (Table 3). Steatosis score also improved to a significantly greater degree in the lifestyle group as compared with the control group (−1.1 [0.8] versus −0.3 [0.8], P = 0.02). Ballooning injury score improved in both groups, whereas fibrosis score did not change in either group.

Our findings reveal that dysregulation of miRNA-122 (miR-122) contributes to hepatic insulin resistance through PTP1B induction. Flavonoids are being actively studied Selleck Ivacaftor as potential treatments for components of the metabolic syndrome. In our previous study, treatment with licorice flavonoid ameliorated liver steatosis.12 In the present study, we additionally discovered the effect of c-Jun

N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) inhibition by isoliquiritigenin (IsoLQ) or liquiritigenin (LQ) on miR-122 dysregulation using in vivo models and cell-based assays. Here, we report that they have the ability to abolish hepatic insulin resistance by recovering the constitutive expression of miR-122 responsible

for PTP1B down-regulation. Information on the materials used in this study is described in the Supporting Information. Animal studies were conducted in accordance with the guidelines of the Institutional Autophagy inhibitor Animal Use and Care Committee. Male C57BL/6 mice at 6 weeks of age were started on a high-fat diet (HFD) for 11 weeks. Detailed information is provided in the Supporting Information. HepG2, H4IIE, C2C12, and 3T3-L1 cell lines were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Rockville, MD). The isolation of primary rat hepatocytes is described in the Supporting Information. The plasmid containing Luc-PTP1B-3′UTR (3′-untranslated region; Product ID: HmiT015828-MT01) was specifically synthesized (GeneCopoeia, Rockville, MD) and was used in luciferase reporter assay. The plasmid contains firefly luciferase fused to the 3′UTR of human PTP1B, and Renilla luciferase that functions as a tracking gene. pMiR-122a luciferase reporter vector containing the firefly luciferase gene and miR-122 target site at 3′UTR was purchased from Signosis (Sunnyvale, CA). When

miR-122 is expressed, it binds to the sequence and results in repression of the luciferase gene. The sources of other vectors and procedures used in this study for transient transfections and reporter gene assays are provided in the Supporting Information. Total 上海皓元医药股份有限公司 RNA was extracted with TRIzol (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) and was reverse-transcribed. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed with the Light Cycler 1.5 (Roche, Mannheim, Germany). Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay was done using the EZ ChIP kit (Upstate Biotechnology, Lake Placid, NY) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. HFD feeding increased the mRNA and protein levels of PTP1B (Fig. 1A); the change in the level of PTP1B protein was greater than that in its mRNA, suggesting that a posttranscriptional mechanism might be involved in this event. RNA22 and TargetScan programs enabled us to select miRNAs that potentially bind to the 3′-untranslated region (3′UTR) of PTP1B (PTPN1) mRNA (Fig.

The analysis of all included trials showed that therapy with IL-2Ra was not associated with an increased incidence of malignancies, bacterial or viral infection, or adverse events in general, indicating that IL2-Ra are safe and without significant side effects for at least 12 months after liver transplantation. Longer follow-up has been reported for registry data and corroborates this analysis.46 The main limitation 3-MA manufacturer of this review is the low number of randomized controlled trials, even compared to kidney transplantation,7 which makes it difficult to acquire enough data for meaningful results. After a first unsystematic review we decided to include not only randomized

trials but also nonrandomized controlled trials in this review. Very few studies only compared IL-2Ra to placebo or no treatment and many more studies explored the effects of reduced or delayed concomitant immunosuppression. Therefore, we decided to include those studies in the analysis by Bafilomycin A1 datasheet allocating them

to predefined comparisons. Furthermore, we included and pooled studies that used a different type of IL2-Ra, had different concomitant medication (CNI and MMF), or had different follow-up times. Because all these differences may be sources of heterogeneity, it was planned to perform joint analyses and also to explore differences of effect by performing subgroup analyses and meta-regression. Due to the paucity of data on secondary outcomes we were only able to extensively analyze the primary endpoints. Another problem was the insufficient detailed reporting of outcomes; this was most evident regarding the side effects of immunosuppression. Not only did few studies give data on complications and side effects, but also these were reported in insufficient detail or were measured or grouped differently in the various trials. We endeavored to overcome this limitation by grouping data on side effects into broader categories, but this may further limit the interpretation

of the results. External and internal validity 上海皓元医药股份有限公司 of the trials and the results of this meta-analysis are difficult to assess because important methodological details were omitted in the trial reports. Although we attempted to minimize publication bias by searching for and including data from different databases, conference abstracts, and non-English language sources, the inclusion of such data further hindered assessment of validity. Nonetheless, this review and meta-analysis was conducted at an appropriate time because enough data has accumulated for a first inspection by meta-analytical methods. We do not expect more data to accumulate over the next years unless further trials are demanded of the proprietors of commercially available IL-2Ra preparations by the regulatory authorities. Fifteen patients would need to be treated to prevent one acute rejection (NNT [number needed to treat] = 15) and 29 patients would need to be treated to prevent one steroid-resistant rejection (NNT = 29).

The analysis of all included trials showed that therapy with IL-2Ra was not associated with an increased incidence of malignancies, bacterial or viral infection, or adverse events in general, indicating that IL2-Ra are safe and without significant side effects for at least 12 months after liver transplantation. Longer follow-up has been reported for registry data and corroborates this analysis.46 The main limitation Olaparib of this review is the low number of randomized controlled trials, even compared to kidney transplantation,7 which makes it difficult to acquire enough data for meaningful results. After a first unsystematic review we decided to include not only randomized

trials but also nonrandomized controlled trials in this review. Very few studies only compared IL-2Ra to placebo or no treatment and many more studies explored the effects of reduced or delayed concomitant immunosuppression. Therefore, we decided to include those studies in the analysis by http://www.selleckchem.com/products/BI6727-Volasertib.html allocating them

to predefined comparisons. Furthermore, we included and pooled studies that used a different type of IL2-Ra, had different concomitant medication (CNI and MMF), or had different follow-up times. Because all these differences may be sources of heterogeneity, it was planned to perform joint analyses and also to explore differences of effect by performing subgroup analyses and meta-regression. Due to the paucity of data on secondary outcomes we were only able to extensively analyze the primary endpoints. Another problem was the insufficient detailed reporting of outcomes; this was most evident regarding the side effects of immunosuppression. Not only did few studies give data on complications and side effects, but also these were reported in insufficient detail or were measured or grouped differently in the various trials. We endeavored to overcome this limitation by grouping data on side effects into broader categories, but this may further limit the interpretation

of the results. External and internal validity medchemexpress of the trials and the results of this meta-analysis are difficult to assess because important methodological details were omitted in the trial reports. Although we attempted to minimize publication bias by searching for and including data from different databases, conference abstracts, and non-English language sources, the inclusion of such data further hindered assessment of validity. Nonetheless, this review and meta-analysis was conducted at an appropriate time because enough data has accumulated for a first inspection by meta-analytical methods. We do not expect more data to accumulate over the next years unless further trials are demanded of the proprietors of commercially available IL-2Ra preparations by the regulatory authorities. Fifteen patients would need to be treated to prevent one acute rejection (NNT [number needed to treat] = 15) and 29 patients would need to be treated to prevent one steroid-resistant rejection (NNT = 29).

56 for mI/Cr ratio, it was possible to differentiate oligodendrogliomas from astrocytomas with a sensitivity of 72.4% and specificity of 76.4%. These results suggest that

mI/Cr might aid in distinguishing oligodendrogliomas from astrocytomas. J Neuroimaging 2010;20:3-8. “
“Botulinum toxin (BTX) treatment can relieve focal arm spasticity after stroke, presumably through dynamic changes at multiple levels of the motor system, including the cerebral cortex. However, the neuroanatomical correlate of BTX spasticity relief is not known and should be reflected in changes of cortical activation during motor tasks assessed using repeated functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Four patients (2 males, 2 females, Ixazomib concentration mean age 25.5 years) with hemiplegia ABT-263 in vitro and distal arm spasticity after chronic ischemic stroke sparing the motor cortex were studied. fMRI during mental movement simulation of the impaired hand was performed in 2 sessions before and 4 weeks after BTX treatment. The change in arm spasticity was assessed using the modified Ashworth scale (MAS). BTX treatment significantly decreased arm spasticity

across the group (mean MAS change 2.1). Whereas fMRI during imagined movement pre-BTX treatment showed extensive bilateral network of active areas, post-BTX activation was confined to the midline and contralateral sensorimotor cortices. The pre- > post-BTX contrast revealed a significant decrease in activation of the posterior cingulate/precuneus region after BTX treatment. This small study suggests that structures outside the classical motor system, such as the posterior cingulate/precuneus region, may be associated with the relief of poststroke arm spasticity.

“
“Symptomatic thromboembolic events are the most common complications associated with aneurysm coiling, and carotid and intracranial stenting. 上海皓元医药股份有限公司 Our objective is to assess the effect of aspirin (ASA) and clopidogrel dose and duration on platelet inhibition using a point of care assay in neurointerventional (NI) suite. The dose, duration, and point of care platelet function assay data for clopidogrel and aspirin therapy were prospectively collected between February 2006 and November 2007. Inadequate platelet inhibition for ASA was defined as ≥550 ASA reaction units (ARU), and for clopidogrel was defined as ≤50% inhibition of the P2Y12/ADP receptor We collected data from 216 consecutive patients. Inadequate platelet inhibition was noted in 13% of patients on aspirin and 66% of patients on clopidogrel (P-value < .0001). Patients taking clopidogrel 75 mg for ≥7 days, 300 mg for 24 hours, and 600 mg same day load had a mean P2Y12/ADP inhibition of 45%, 35% (P-value = .09), and 16%, respectively (P-value = .005). Premedication with clopidogrel, in contrast to aspirin, does not achieve adequate platelet inhibition in about two-third of the patients. Same day antiplatelet loading may be insufficient to achieve adequate platelet inhibition and should be avoided if clinically feasible.

Figure 4 shows mRNA expression levels of IL-10, HO-1, COX-2, NF-κB, and iNOS in neutrophils of patients with SBP and noninfected AF, and of patients with SID distributed according to intracellular norfloxacin concentration after 4-hour resting culture or stimulated with LPS. As can be observed, in a nonstimulated situation, increasing intracellular amounts of norfloxacin

significantly up-regulates IL-10 and HO-1 mRNA expression, compared with patients with noninfected AF and patients with SBP. On the other hand, proinflammatory mediators are down-regulated in patients with SID as intracellular norfloxacin concentrations rise, compared with patients with noninfected AF or patients with SBP. When LPS is added to culture, proinflammatory mediators respond by increasing their gene expression levels in patients with noninfected AF to levels similar to those present in patients mTOR inhibitor with SBP. However, in the presence of norfloxacin, levels buy Palbociclib of these molecules are held to levels similar to those present in nonstimulated conditions, abrogating the effect of LPS and significantly

increasing IL-10 and HO-1 expression as intracellular norfloxacin concentrations rise. Protein expression of all studied molecules in both conditions mimic those obtained for gene expression and can be followed in the corresponding blots along Fig. 4 (data on protein band densitometry is provided in Supporting Information Fig. 1). In vitro experiments with anti–IL-10 mAb were conducted to validate the inflammation regulatory mechanism associated with norfloxacin in patients with SID (Fig. 5). After stimulation with LPS plus anti–IL-10 mAb, half of the cultured cells were directly MCE tested and the other half was washed with PBS and recultured with LPS alone. In the first set, stimulation with LPS plus anti–IL-10 mAb induced higher levels of proinflammatory mediators than LPS-stimulated cells

in all groups of patients. Especially relevant, all proinflammatory mediators were dramatically higher than in LPS-stimulated cells from patients with SID, reaching levels observed in cells from patients with noninfected AF. Besides, increasing intracellular norfloxacin concentrations did not decrease their expression levels, as happened with LPS-stimulated cells. Although anti–IL-10 did not affect IL-10 synthesis, proinflammatory control was clearly abolished, probably through an IL-10 downstream regulation of HO-1, which was severely decreased in anti–IL-10 presence. In the second set, levels of proinflammatory mediators were restored to those present in Fig. 4 and increasing amounts of norfloxacin were again associated with decreasing COX-2, iNOS, and NF-κB expression levels.

11 Several pruritogens may activate these fibers, which include histamine, gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) and serotonin. It is worth noting

that when some nociceptive primary sensory fibers are ablated, a significant reduction in the response to itch occurs.12 This may indicate that pruritoceptors within nociceptive neurons comprise an itch selective subset. When this subset is activated BGJ398 molecular weight a sensation of itch is produced, but if a noxious stimulus is present then the itch response is occluded and a perception of pain is produced.11 Lysophosphatidic acid.  Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) was first described in 2004 by Hashimoto et al. where intradermal LPA induced itch scratch responses in a similar fashion to histamine

in mice. Pretreatment with a H1 histamine receptor antagonist and topical capsaicin inhibited these LPA induced scratch responses. This suggested that LPA-induced scratching behavior in mice is attributed to histamine pathways.13 Recently, increased expression of autotaxin, the enzyme that converts lysophosphatidylcholine into lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) was shown in cholestatic patients.14 The increased local formation of LPA near unmyelinated nerve endings potentiates action potential along the nerve fibers and correlates with the itch response.15 This feature was not established among other ALK activation mediators such as serum bile salts, tryptase, substance P or mu-opioids. It is worth noting that autotaxin is also increased in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Therefore, autotaxin may play an important role as a potential target for the management of pruritus in patients with cholestatic liver disease.14 Bile salts.  In 1967 bile was proposed as a pruritogenic in the skin of

patients with cholestasis.16 This was supported by the dramatic reduction of pruritus in patients undergoing removal of bile from the body through nasobiliary drainage or external biliary diversion.17,18 This, however, is a general observation and is not specific enough to determine the value of bile in pathogenesis of cholestatic pruritus. Evidence that 上海皓元医药股份有限公司 opposes the role of bile in pathogenesis include the fact that no established correlation between the concentrations of any bile salt and the severity of pruritus exists.19 Patients with fluctuations in the degree of pruritus often do not show a change in their serum bile acid levels.20 From a clinical point of view, a lot of patients with obstructive cholestasis and elevated bile salt levels do not experience pruritus.21 Obeticholic acid, a synthetic derivative of chenodeoxycholic acid, is an agonist at farnesoid nuclear receptors associated with a decrease in bile acid synthesis. Administration of obeticholic acid was associated with increased pruritus when compared to placebo in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.

We tested whether tree hollows provide a thermally distinct environment compared with alternative

microhabitats, but found no difference in minimum, average, maximum or range of temperatures recorded between microhabitats. When within tree hollows over winter, pythons had colder daily average and maximum body temperatures (cf. pythons that used other microhabitats), but this did not give them an energy saving (in terms of body condition scores). Pythons ate very little over winter and we predict that animals sequestered within tree hollows do not access prey at this time. Tree hollows provide a critical refuge over winter when python body temperature is low, and their responsiveness is limited, rendering individuals vulnerable to predation by terrestrial predators (e.g. introduced red fox). Destruction of hollows through fire, land clearing, Ibrutinib concentration competition with other fauna species and the significant

age required for hollows to form in trees all contribute to the decline in availability of this important microhabitat. “
“A 7-year monitoring of potential oviposition ponds of the European common frog Rana temporaria, in northern Bavaria, Germany, indicated that breeding ponds were not randomly used. Site fidelity could not consistently explain this pattern. Because amphibians MAPK Inhibitor Library mouse are known to select oviposition sites according to certain habitat characteristics, we investigated pond parameters that may drive breeding site selection in that area. We recorded 44 abiotic and biotic parameters, including variables within-ponds, predator presence, as well as habitat characteristics of the terrestrial area surrounding the ponds. However, multifactorial statistics such as non-metric multidimensional scaling, hierarchical

clustering and random forest algorithm as well as single-factor comparisons could not highlight common habitat features of chosen ponds. The results of this study indicate that breeding site choice is more than a pure function of habitat characteristics, and that understanding the reproductive biology, even of such a widespread 上海皓元 species as R. temporaria, needs more research effort. “
“The endemic Malagasy microhylid genus Stumpffia usually comprises small-bodied terrestrial frogs with snout–vent lengths of 16 mm or less, with some miniaturized species as small as 10 mm in their adult stage, and only two described species reaching over 20 mm in snout–vent length. Previous studies have provided evidence for parallel miniaturization in Malagasy microhylids, with several species and candidate species previously assigned to Stumpffia probably belonging to other, still undescribed genera.

branded PEG; 4. efficacy; 5. efficiency Presenting Author: MURDANI ABDULLAH Additional Authors: DADANG

MAKMUN, ACHMED FAUZI, AAN SANTI Corresponding Author: MURDANI ABDULLAH Affiliations: Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta Objectives: Digestive Endoscopy Center (PESC) was established in 2011 which located in ICU Building, 2nd Floor. Its concept was developed as Center of Excellence (CoE) with business plan created includes diagnostic and clinical services of international standard, specialized training of Gastroenterology, Lumacaftor training / gastrointestinal endoscopy courses, research in the field of gastrointestinal endoscopy-based basic and clinical, services and facilities based on safety and patient satisfaction, fast, accurate, quality and One Stop Services. In 2013 is the 2nd year in PESC business plan development and expected to increase in many aspects. So that, necessary Proteasome inhibitor measurement instruments to measure the performance of business plan in PESC using Balanced Scorecard. Methods: This studies was conducted from April-December 2013 with quantitative method and Cross Sectional studies on 76 subjects and also used secondary data from Endoscopy’s reports. The

balanced Scorecard contains 4 measurements, such as financial approach, customer approach, internal process approach, and learning and growth approach. Results: The financial approach resulted that income from 2 type of patients: cash and insurance patients was increased in 2013 than 2010. The customer approach resulted a high satisfaction rate with mean 4.69 of 5 for patient satisfaction and the employee satisfaction increased in 2013 than 2010 with mean in 2013 is 3,88 of 5 and in 2010 is 3,64 of 5. For internal process approach was measured using facilities and infrastructure discovered its increased too. Learning and growth approach resulted that accumulation of trainings, achievement of target of the trainings was increased. Conclusion: The Achievement of business plan has been evaluated

using balanced scored card and showed that there is a balanced on the financial approach, customer approach, internal process approach, and learning and growth approach. Key Word(s): 1. balanced scorecard; 2. business plan; 3. endoscopy center MCE公司 Presenting Author: MURDANI ABDULLAH Additional Authors: DADANG MAKMUN, ARI FAHRIAL SYAM, KAKA RENALDI, HASAN MAULAHELA, AMANDA PITARINI UTARI, CECEP SURYANI SOBUR, MARCELLUS SIMADIBRATA Corresponding Author: MURDANI ABDULLAH Affiliations: Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta Objectives: To compare patient’s experience who underwent colonoscopy between propofol sedated air-method and non-propofol sedated water-method.